• Eldoret Municipality (Kenya). Peri-urban areas of Langas and Kamukunji Estates

• Facilitating agency to assist in training and capacity Building was AMREF - African
• Medical and Research Foundation Kenya country office

1. poor refuse management
2. poor excreta disposal
3. poor drainage system
4. poor housing conditions
5. inadequate safe water supply
6. poor access roads
• stakes for sustainable development was attained through cost sharing in the construction of facilities, capacity building in both the project implementors and the beneficiaries was also an important element in sustainability.
  
  
• Stakes for concerned actors:

- Statutory - Implementation of the project was conducted in accordance with Eldoret Municipal Council by-laws,

- Economic - The donor and the beneficiaries cost shared in the constructions and improvement of facilities in the project areas.

- Strategic Management :- On inception of the project two (2) implementing teams were formed i.e special project unit (S.P.U) and project implementation team (P.I.T). The former being the managerial arm the latter being the implementing arm.

- Motivation of Personnel:- Council has continued to fully support the project
Personnel by giving them adequate time, resources and
Access to the community in project areas.

- Education:- Eldoret Municipal council has continued to sponsor projects personnel to various trainings for advancement.

- Response to crisis:- The project implementation team is still intact and well co-ordinated and can respond to any project crisis

- Concerned Chapter of Agenda 21:- paragraphs 140 and 141

Key Words

• S.P.U - Special Project Unit
• P.I.T - Project implementation Team
• A.M.R.E.F - African Medical and Research Foundation
• E.M.C. - Eldoret Municipal Council
• K.A.P - Knowledge attitude and practice
• E.V.I.P. - Exhaustable ventilated improved pit
• K.F.W - German Bank for Re-construction.
• G.S.P - Heath systems consultants of Germany.
• S.W.O.T - Strengths, Weakness, opportunities and threats.

• Poor refuse management - The project gave heath education to community on proper waste management practices and cost shared in the provision of refuse receptacles. Refuse collection frequency and efficiency was greatly improved. Clean up campaigns is organized by the sensitized community four (4) times monthly.

• Poor excreta disposal - The Community was sensitized on knowledge attitude and Practice (K.A.P) on safe and hygienic way of human excreta disposal. The community cost-shared in the construction of exhaustable improved ventilated pitlatrine (E.V.I.P).

• Poor Housing Conditions:- The community was educated in improving their existing houses by perforating permanent ventilations and submitting plans for approval for their new constructions.

• Poor drainage system:- The community was sensitized on provision and improvement of storm/waste water drains to eliminate mosquito breeding sites. The community and the project cost shared in manufacture and installation of culverts and paving slabs for improvement of drains.

• Inadequate Safe Water Supply : - The community was Health Educated on the use of safe water and some were assisted on cost sharing basis to connect treated water to their premises. Others were advised to fetch water from the nearest water kiosks.

• Poor Access roads;- The community was sensitized on the need to open up access roads to facilitate movement of trucks for refuse collection and exhaustion of pit latrines, fire extinguishers, ambulances e.t.c. Assistance was availed by the project through buying diesel for the council grader to open up some roads.

Origin and Motivation of the Project.

Prior to the commencement of the Project, K.F.W. (German Bank for reconstruction and Development) had supported structural improvements for water and Sanitation in Eldoret Municipality. In 1995 a knowledge Attitude and practice (K.A.P.) study was jointly carried out by University of Nairobi and G.S.P. Health Systems Consultants of German. The result of this study indicated the improvement of human excreta disposal, housing conditions, water supply, waste water and refuse management as perceived needs of the communities. These priorities formed the starting point for this two year project.

Inventory of Existing infrastructures

Before the project started, latrine coverage and other sanitation infrastructure in the project areas was very poor. The community was sensitized and cost sharing and participatory approaches were practiced and the following achievements realized.

• Piped water connection =9
• Construction of E.V.I.P Latrines =143
• Construction of Bathrooms =58
• Construction of new storm/waste water drains =340m
• Maintenance of existing drains =620m
• Construction of new access roads =8km
• Maintenance of existing access roads = 16.6 km
• Provision of refuse receptacles =35

Targets or objectives

The project targeted gender sensitive activities on general environmental sanitation on training and capacity building, key actors in the project i.e S.P.U, P.I.T, project committees, project artisans, school health clubs, beneficiaries and the community in project areas benefited immensely from the training component of the programme.

Indicators of the success of this training is manifested in the sustainability and replications of the project components to date.

Planning and implementation

-Resources (funding) - The project was funded by KFW (German Bank for Reconstruction) through the Government of Kenya, Ministry of Local Government to Eldoret Municipal Council. AMREF was sub-contracted by G.S.P Health systems consultans of Germany to assist in Capacity Building.

-The method of implementation was through elected project committee members representing small units called block. The beneficiaries cost shared in every financial undertaking of the project.

-Useful information for the project and sourced from the community through a study conducted by University of Nairobi in 1995.

-The legal Background of the project and funding was under Local Government Act Cap 265 Laws of Kenya and Eldoret Municipal By-laws.

Implementation time table

The lifespan of funding of the project from GSP was Two years from June, 1999. In June, 1997 there was a start up workshop for Town Clerk and Heads of Departments. July to December 1997 - training and capacity building for implementors.

January to March 1998 - Community Mobilization
July to September, 1999 - evaluation.

Governance: The Government of Kenya, Eldoret Municipal Council and the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany were the main governance actors.

-Processing actors

• requesting Agency/country - Government of Kenya, Ministry of Local Government.
• Initiator and executing agency of the project - Eldoret Municipal Council.
• Project Manager (sub-contractor) - African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) Kenya Country Office.
• Funding Agency (Sponsor) - Kreditanstalt fur Wiederanfbau K.F.W. (German Bank for Reconstruction)
• Evaluation - Praxis Links, consultants. They evaluated the project using - SWOT analysis - strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.

Joint Parties to the project.

Foreign Partners:-
-KFW German Bank of Reconstruction and Development - Project funder.
-GSP Health systems consultants of Germany as - project consultant.

Government Department
Government of Kenya Ministry of Local Government - Requesting agency.
Eldoret Municipal council - Initiator

NGO's
Africa Medical and Research Foundation AMREF - Sub-contracted by GSP Health Consultants of Germany as a facilitator.

Associations
Churches, children's home, schools, hospitals, and health centre - Beneficiaries.

Basic Community
Landlords and tenants of langas and Kamukunji - beneficiaries

Positive aspects:

1. The project created sufficient institutional capacity for project sustainability.

2. Over 70% of latrines/bathrooms constructed and individually owned are properly used and maintained.

3. Other facilities e.g access roads, drains and refuse receptacles and water connections are proper maintained and used.

4. The community are now highly enlightened on proper management of environmental and sanitation issues.

5. Systematic documentation and prompt production of reports, data and research material from the project has formed an important information reference centre.

Negative aspects:

1. The community had very high expectations of the project as opposed to the cost sharing approach which contributed to low level of community participation.
2. The lifespan of the funding period (2 years) was too short for any tangible achievements.

Key factors for success :

1. The project implementors instilled sense of project ownership to the community.
2. Capacity building to the community and project implementors for sustainability purposes.
3. Cost sharing - this brought the element of ownership to the beneficiary of the structures.
4. Support and collaboration from Eldoret Municipal Council and stakeholders.

• Training has improved building and construction skills of local community artisans to improve and maintain water and sanitation structures.

• Identifying particular members of the community to be trained e.g artisan and project committee and training them to address specific community needs.

• Training should focus on :

  1. Community Sensitization and Mobilization.
  2. Appropriate technologies on specific water and sanitation structures.
  3. Health education on the use and maintenance of water and sanitation facilities.
  4. The community and the implementor should be trained on project and financial management

1. Clear and specific job description for the various implementors/actors and roles of partners have to be spelt out prior to implementation.

2. Clear guidelines for implementation of the project must be understood by all stakeholders to avoid favoritism and misunderstanding.

3. Development of project Planning Matrix (P.P.M) activity targets and baseline survey is essential in order to get a realistic situation existing at every project site.

4. To avoid vested interests from individuals or groups, all planned activities should be included in council development plans.

5. During Project implementation there must be equal apportionment of resources to cover Health Education and behavior change capacity Building and training and Construction of hardware components.

6. Community based/oriented peri-urban projects should equally address the Landlords, Tenants and other stakeholders problems.
7. There is need for intersectoral and intrasectoral collaboration.

The project covered (2) two sites in Eldoret Municipality namely Langas and Kamukunji These sites were purposely selected because of the high density of population living in slum conditions with problems of inadequate and poorly kept latrines, filthy clogged unpaved waste and storm water drainage, refuse mis-management, unhygienic housing conditions, poor road accessibility and use of contaminated water sources. As they project funding period come to end by September, 30^th 1999 after 2 years from June, 1997 the status of many objectives that were intended to be achieved had just started to pick up. However, continuity system aimed at sustaining the tempo of project activities had been fully established.

M. H. KIMAIYO
TOWN CLERK

Contact details
Municipal Council of Eldoret
P.O. BOX 40,
ELDORET.
Tel. +254-321-32758
Fax +254-321-62884

Email:eldomun@africaonline.co.ke